APA 7 for Health Sciences Research

In-Text citations are the citations within your paper that point to end of paper reference list. When writing a paper, you want to make sure that you are giving proper credit to any other works. If it is not an original thought or idea, then there should be an in-text citation.

You may need to include a source locator (such as a page number or paragraph number) if you are referencing a specific section of a work. If you use a direct quote in your paper, using a source locator is a requirement. If you are summarizing a work, citing specific page numbers is unnecessary. 

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations 

Examples

Journal Article or Book

Parenthetical Citations are the in-text citation information that appear within parentheses. Generally, you need to have the author name, the year of publication, and the source locator (if applicable).

• Up to Two Authors: use an ampersand between the author names
  • (Sullivan, 2019) or (Blouin & Perry, 2009)
• Three or More Authors: list only the first author's name, followed by et al.
  • (Viner et al., 2022)
• Including a Source Locator: use p. for a single page, pp. for multiple pages, or para. for paragraph number
  • (Viner et al., 2022 p. 32) or (Viner et al., 2022 pp. 32-33)

Narrative Citations are when you format the citation to be a part of your sentence. When this occurs, you don't need to include information that is part of the sentence in your citation. 

• In their systematic review, Nan et al. (2022) found greater use of social media to be associated with a higher level of susceptibility to health misinformation.
• In their 2022 study, Nan et al. note that eight out of the 15 studies associated susceptibility to health misinformation with politically conservative ideology, while seven studies found no association with political ideology (p. 19).

Government Website / Report

With government websites, there is often an authoring organization (the group in charge of the publication), but also a parent organizations. You'll want to list any parent organizations in the publisher spot in your reference. 

• Parenthetical citation: (National Cancer Institute, 2019)
• Longer organization name: You don't need to spell out the entire name every time you cite in-text. Example:
  • First time the citation appears: (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d.)
  • Subsequent citations: (ODPHP, n.d.)

Point of Care Database

• Parenthetical citation: (Dynamed, 2022)